Kuzenguruka bivuga guhuza cyangwa guhuza ibice ukoresheje ubushyuhe na / cyangwa kwikuramo kugirango ibice bibe bikomeza.Inkomoko yubushyuhe mu gusudira mubisanzwe ni flame ya arc ikorwa n amashanyarazi yo gutanga amashanyarazi.Gusudira gushingiye kuri Arc byitwa arc welding.
Guhuza ibice bishobora kubaho gusa hashingiwe ku bushyuhe butangwa na arc kugirango ibice byo gusudira bishire hamwe.Ubu buryo burashobora gukoreshwa muri TIG gusudira, kurugero.
Mubisanzwe, icyuma cyuzuza, ariko, cyashongeshejwe mukudodo, cyangwa gusudira, haba ukoresheje umugozi wifashishije imbunda yo gusudira (MIG / MAG welding) cyangwa ukoresheje intoki-yo kugaburira intoki.Muri iki gihe, icyuma cyuzuza kigomba kuba gifite hafi yo gushonga nkibikoresho byasuditswe.
Mbere yo gutangirana no gusudira, impande z'ibice byo gusudira zakozwe muburyo bukwiye bwo gusudira, urugero, V.Mugihe cyo gusudira kigenda gitera imbere, arc ihuza hamwe impande zumusozi hamwe nuwuzuza, bigakora pisine yashongeshejwe
Kugirango gusudira kuramba, pisine yashongeshejwe igomba kurindwa okisijeni n'ingaruka z'umwuka ukikije, urugero hamwe na gaze ikingira cyangwa slag.Gazi ikingira igaburirwa muri pisine yashongeshejwe hamwe nu muriro wo gusudira.Electrode yo gusudira nayo isizwe hamwe nibikoresho bitanga gaze ikingira hamwe na shitingi hejuru yicyuzi cyashongeshejwe.
Ibikoresho byo gusudira cyane ni ibyuma, nka aluminium, ibyuma byoroheje, hamwe nicyuma.Nanone, plastiki irashobora gusudwa.Mu gusudira kwa plastiki, isoko yubushyuhe ni umwuka ushyushye cyangwa irwanya amashanyarazi.
WELDING ARC
Arc yo gusudira ikenewe mu gusudira ni uguturika kwamashanyarazi hagati ya electrode yo gusudira nigice cyo gusudira.Arc ikorwa mugihe impanuka nini ihagije ihagije hagati yibice.Muri TIG gusudira ibi birashobora kugerwaho no gukongeza cyangwa mugihe ibikoresho byo gusudira bikubiswe na electrode yo gusudira (hitabwa).
Niyo mpamvu, voltage isohoka nkumurabyo utuma amashanyarazi anyura mu cyuho cy’ikirere, bigatuma arc ifite ubushyuhe bwa dogere ibihumbi igihumbi, hejuru ya 10,000 ⁰Cdegree (dogere 18,000 Fahrenheit).Umuyoboro uhoraho uva mumashanyarazi yo gusudira kugeza kumurimo ushyirwaho binyuze muri electrode yo gusudira, bityo igihangano kigomba kuba gishyizwe hamwe numuyoboro wogosha mumashini yo gusudira mbere yo gusudira.
Muri MIG / MAG gusudira arc yashizweho mugihe ibintu byuzuza bikora hejuru yumurimo wakazi hanyuma hakabaho umuzunguruko muto.Noneho imiyoboro ngufi ikora neza ishonga iherezo ryinsinga zuzuza hanyuma hashyirwaho arc yo gusudira.Kuri gusudira neza kandi biramba, gusudira arc bigomba kuba bihamye.Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa muri welding ya MIG / MAG ko voltage yo gusudira hamwe nigipimo cyibiryo byinsinga bikwiranye nibikoresho byo gusudira hamwe nubunini bwabyo bikoreshwa.
Byongeye kandi, tekinike yo gukora yo gusudira igira ingaruka ku bworoherane bwa arc, hanyuma, ubwiza bwa weld.Intera ya electrode yo gusudira kuva kuri groove n'umuvuduko uhoraho wumuriro wo gusudira ni ngombwa mugusudira neza.Gusuzuma umuvuduko ukwiye wa voltage numuyoboro wibiryo nigice cyingenzi mubushobozi bwo gusudira.
Imashini zo gusudira zigezweho, ariko, zifite ibintu byinshi byorohereza akazi ko gusudira byoroshye, nko kuzigama igenamigambi ryakoreshwaga mbere cyangwa gukoresha umurongo wa synergy uteganijwe, byoroshe gushyiraho ibipimo byo gusudira kubikorwa biriho.
SHIELDING GAZ MURI WELDING
Gazi ikingira akenshi igira uruhare runini mumusaruro nubwiza bwo gusudira.Nkuko izina ryayo ribigaragaza, gazi ikingira ikingira icyuma gishongeshejwe kiva mu mwuka wa ogisijeni kimwe n’umwanda n’ubushuhe bwo mu kirere, bishobora kugabanya intege nke zo kwihanganira ruswa, bikabyara umusaruro ushimishije, kandi bikagabanya igihe kirekire cyo gusudira uhindura ibimenyetso bya geometrike yibihuriweho.Gazi ikingira nayo ikonjesha imbunda yo gusudira.Ibice bikingira gaze cyane ni argon, helium, dioxyde de carbone, na ogisijeni.
Gazi ikingira irashobora kuba inert cyangwa ikora.Gazi ya inert ntabwo ikora hamwe nuwashongeshejwe na gato mugihe gaze ikora igira uruhare mugikorwa cyo gusudira muguhindura arc no gutuma ibintu byoroherezwa neza.Gazi ya inert ikoreshwa mugusudira MIG (gusudira ibyuma-arc inert gazi yo gusudira) mugihe gaze ikora ikoreshwa mugusudira MAG (gusudira ibyuma-arc bikora gazi).
Urugero rwa gaze ya inert ni argon, idakora hamwe na weld yashongeshejwe.Nibisanzwe bikoreshwa mukurinda gaze muri TIG gusudira.Dioxyde de Carbone na ogisijeni, ariko, ikora hamwe na weld yashonze nkuko bivangwa na karuboni ya dioxyde na argon.
Helium (He) nayo ni inert ikingira gaze.Imvange ya Helium na helium-argon ikoreshwa muri welding ya TIG na MIG.Helium itanga uruhande rwiza kandi rwihuta rwo gusudira ugereranije na argon.
Dioxyde de Carbone (CO2) na ogisijeni (O2) ni imyuka ikora ikoreshwa nkibintu byitwa ogisijeni kugirango igabanye arc kandi itume ihererekanyabubasha ryibikoresho muri welding ya MAG.Ikigereranyo cyibi bice bya gaze muri gaze ikingira bigenwa nubwoko bwibyuma.
NORMS NA STANDARDS MURI WELDING
Ibipimo byinshi mpuzamahanga nibisanzwe bikoreshwa muburyo bwo gusudira n'imiterere n'ibiranga imashini zo gusudira n'ibikoresho.Harimo ibisobanuro, amabwiriza, nibibuza inzira nuburyo bwimashini kugirango byongere umutekano wibikorwa n'imashini no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.
Kurugero, igipimo rusange cyimashini zo gusudira arc ni IEC 60974-1 mugihe amagambo ya tekiniki yo gutanga nuburyo bwibicuruzwa, ibipimo, ubworoherane, hamwe nibirango bikubiye mubisanzwe SFS-EN 759.
UMUTEKANO MU KUBONA
Hariho ibintu byinshi bishobora guteza ingaruka zo gusudira.Arc itanga urumuri rwinshi cyane nimirasire ya ultraviolet, ishobora kwangiza amaso.Ibyuma bishongeshejwe hamwe nibishashi birashobora gutwika uruhu kandi bigatera ibyago byumuriro, kandi imyotsi ikomoka mu gusudira irashobora guteza akaga iyo ihumeka.
Izi ngaruka zishobora kwirindwa, ariko, mu kuzitegura no gukoresha ibikoresho bibarinda.
Kurinda ibyago by’umuriro birashobora kugerwaho mugusuzuma ibidukikije byaho gusudira hakiri kare no gukuraho ibikoresho byaka umuriro hafi yikibanza.Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bizimya umuriro bigomba kuboneka byoroshye.Abari hanze ntibemerewe kwinjira mu karere k’akaga.
Amaso, ugutwi, nuruhu bigomba kurindwa nibikoresho bikwiye byo kurinda.Mask yo gusudira ifite ecran yijimye irinda amaso, umusatsi, n'amatwi.Uturindantoki two gusudira uruhu hamwe n'imyambaro ikomeye yo kudoda, idashobora gutwikwa irinda amaboko n'umubiri kwirinda ibicanwa n'ubushyuhe.
Umwotsi wo gusudira urashobora kwirindwa no guhumeka bihagije kurubuga.
UBURYO BWO GUKURIKIRA
Uburyo bwo gusudira bushobora gushyirwa muburyo bukoreshwa mukubyara ubushyuhe bwo gusudira nuburyo ibikoresho byuzuza bigaburirwa muri weld.Uburyo bwo gusudira bwakoreshejwe bwatoranijwe hashingiwe ku bikoresho bigomba gusudwa n'ubugari bw'ibikoresho, umusaruro ukenewe, hamwe n'ubwiza bw'amashusho bwifuzwa.
Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo gusudira ni MIG / MAG gusudira, gusudira TIG, hamwe no gusudira (intoki zicyuma arc).Ibikorwa bya kera cyane, bizwi cyane, kandi biracyakunze kugaragara cyane ni MMA intoki zicyuma arc gusudira, zikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo kwishyiriraho no kurubuga rwo hanze rusaba kugerwaho neza.
Buhoro buhoro uburyo bwo gusudira bwa TIG butanga umusaruro ushimishije cyane wo gusudira, bityo rero bukoreshwa mubudodo buzagaragara cyangwa busaba ubunyangamugayo bwihariye.
MIG / MAG gusudira nuburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira, aho ibikoresho byuzuza bitagomba kugaburirwa ukundi muri weld yashonze.Ahubwo, insinga inyura mu mbunda yo gusudira izengurutswe na gaze ikingira mu cyuma gishongeshejwe.
Hariho ubundi buryo bwo gusudira bubereye ibikenewe bidasanzwe, nka laser, plasma, ikibanza, arc yarohamye, ultrasound, hamwe no gusudira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-12-2022