Ibisabwa kubisahani byo gusudira kubisanzwe
Muburyo bwo gusudira bwuburyo bwububiko bwibyuma, ifishi ihuriweho ukoresheje ibyapa byinyuma irasanzwe.Gukoresha amasahani yinyuma arashobora gukemura ibibazo byo gusudira ahantu hafunganye kandi hafunzwe kandi bigabanya ingorane zo gusudira.Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gufata ibyapa bigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: gusubiza inyuma ibyuma na ceramic.Birumvikana, mubihe bimwe na bimwe, ibikoresho nka flux bikoreshwa nko gusubira inyuma.Iyi ngingo isobanura ibibazo bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe ukoresheje ibyuma byicyuma na ceramic.
Igipimo cy’igihugu --– GB 50661
Ingingo 7.8.1 ya GB50661 iteganya ko imbaraga zumusaruro wicyapa cyinyuma zikoreshwa zitagomba kurenza imbaraga zizina ryicyuma kigomba gusudwa, kandi gusudira bigomba kuba bisa.
Ariko, birakwiye ko tumenya ko ingingo ya 6.2.8 iteganya ko imbaho zishyigikira ibikoresho bitandukanye zidashobora gusimburwa.(Imashini zicyuma na ceramic lineri ntabwo zisimburana).
Ibipimo by'i Burayi —– EN1090-2
Ingingo 7.5.9.2 ya EN1090-2 iteganya ko mugihe ukoresheje ibyuma bifata ibyuma, bihwanye na karubone bisabwa kuba munsi ya 0.43%, cyangwa ibikoresho bifite gusudira cyane nkicyuma fatizo kigomba gusudwa.
Ibipimo by'Abanyamerika —- AWS D 1.1
Icyuma gikoreshwa ku isahani yinyuma kigomba kuba kimwe mubyuma biri mumeza 3.1 cyangwa Imbonerahamwe 4.9, niba bitari kurutonde, usibye ko ibyuma bifite imbaraga nkeya zingana na 690Mpa bikoreshwa nkibisahani byinyuma bigomba gukoreshwa gusa mu gusudira y'ibyuma bifite imbaraga nkeya zingana na 690Mpa, bigomba kuba ibyuma byasuzumwe.Ba injeniyeri bagomba kumenya ko inama rusange yinyuma yaguzwe mubushinwa ari Q235B.Niba ibikoresho fatizo mugihe cyo gusuzuma ari Q345B, kandi ikibaho cyinyuma gisimbuzwa umuzi usukuye, ibikoresho byinyuma ni Q235B mugihe utegura WPS.Muri uru rubanza, Q235B ntabwo yasuzumwe, iyi WPS rero ntabwo yubahiriza amabwiriza.
Gusobanura ibyerekeye ikizamini cya EN gisanzwe cyo gusudira
Mu myaka yashize, umubare wibyuma byubatswe byibyuma byakozwe kandi bisudira ukurikije ibipimo bya EN biriyongera, kuburyo icyifuzo cyo gusudira kurwego rwa EN kiriyongera.Nyamara, ibyuma byinshi byubaka ibyuma ntibisobanutse neza kubijyanye no gukwirakwiza ikizamini cya EN welder, bikavamo ibizamini byinshi.Hano hari ibizamini byinshi byatsinzwe.Ibi bizagira ingaruka kumigambi yumushinga, kandi mugihe gusudira bigomba gusudwa havumburwa ko gusudira adafite ubushobozi bwo gusudira.
Iyi ngingo irerekana muri make ibyerekeye ikizamini cyo gusudira, twizeye kuzana ubufasha kubikorwa bya buri wese.
1. Ibizamini byo gusudira
a) Gusudira intoki nigice cyikora: EN 9606-1 (Kubaka ibyuma)
Kuri EN9606 ikurikirana igabanijwemo ibice 5.1 - ibyuma 2 - aluminium 3 - umuringa 4 - nikel 5 - zirconium
b) Gusudira imashini: EN 14732
Igabana ryubwoko bwo gusudira bivuga ISO 857-1
2. Igipfukisho c'ibikoresho
Kugirango habeho gukwirakwiza ibyuma fatizo, nta tegeko risobanutse neza mubisanzwe, ariko hariho amabwiriza yo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa byo gusudira.
Binyuze mu mbonerahamwe ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru, itsinda ryibikoresho byo gusudira hamwe no gukwirakwiza hagati ya buri tsinda birashobora gusobanuka.
Gusudira Electrode (111) Igipfukisho
Igipfukisho cyubwoko butandukanye
3. Shingura uburebure bwicyuma no gukwirakwiza diameter
Igipfukisho c'ikigereranyo
Kwuzuza Igifuniko
Igipfukisho c'Umuyoboro wa Diameter
4. Gukwirakwiza imyanya yo gusudira
Igipfukisho c'ikigereranyo
Kwuzuza Igifuniko
5. Igipfukisho c'Urupapuro
Isahani yinyuma isudira hamwe nudusoko twoza imizi birashobora gupfukirana, kugirango rero bigabanye ingorane yikizamini, ikizamini cyo gusudira hamwe nicyapa cyinyuma cyatoranijwe muri rusange.
6. Weld layer
Imyenda myinshi yo gusudira irashobora gusimbuza urwego rumwe, ariko ntabwo aribyo.
7. Izindi ngingo
a) Gusudira ibibuto hamwe no gusudira byuzuye ntibishobora guhinduka.
b) Ihuriro ryibibuno rishobora gupfundika imiyoboro yishami hamwe nuruhande rurimo rurenze cyangwa rungana na 60 °, kandi ubwishingizi bugarukira kumiyoboro yishami.
Diameter yo hanze izatsinda, ariko uburebure bwurukuta buzasobanurwa ukurikije uburebure bwurukuta.
c) Imiyoboro yicyuma ifite diameter yo hanze irenga 25mm irashobora gutwikirwa ibyuma.
d) Isahani irashobora gupfuka imiyoboro yicyuma ifite diameter irenga 500mm.
e) Isahani irashobora gutwikirwa imiyoboro yicyuma ifite diameter irenga 75mm muburyo bwo kuzunguruka, ariko umwanya wo gusudira
Ahantu PA, PB, PC, PD.
8. Kugenzura
Kugaragara no kugenzura macro, birageragezwa ukurikije urwego rwa EN5817 B, ariko code ni 501, 502, 503, 504, 5214, ukurikije urwego C.
ishusho
EN Ibisanzwe Guhuza Umurongo Welding Ibisabwa
Mu mishinga ifite ubwoko bwinshi bwibyuma cyangwa ibyuma bya kare, ibisabwa byo gusudira kumirongo ihuza ni ndende.Kuberako niba igishushanyo gisaba kwinjira byuzuye, ntabwo byoroshye kongeramo isahani yumurongo imbere yumuyoboro ugororotse, kandi kubera itandukaniro ryumuzenguruko wumuyoboro wibyuma, umurongo uciwe ntushobora kuba wujuje ibyangombwa, bikavamo gusana intoki muri gukurikirana.Byongeye kandi, inguni iri hagati yumuyoboro munini nu muyoboro wamashami ni nto cyane, kandi umuzi ntushobora kwinjira.
Kubintu bitatu byavuzwe haruguru, birasabwa ibisubizo bikurikira:
1) Nta isahani yinyuma yumurongo uhuza umurongo weld, uhwanye no kwinjira kwuzuye gusudira kuruhande rumwe.Birasabwa gusudira kumwanya wa 1 hanyuma ugakoresha uburyo bukomeye bwo gukingira gaze yo gusudira.Ikinyuranyo cyo gusudira ni 2-4mm, ntigishobora kwemeza gusa kwinjira, ariko kandi kirinda gusudira.
2) Umurongo uhuza ntujuje ibisabwa nyuma yo gukata.Iki kibazo gishobora guhindurwa gusa nintoki nyuma yo gukata imashini.Nibiba ngombwa, impapuro zishusho zirashobora gukoreshwa mugushushanya umurongo uca umurongo uca kumurongo wumuyoboro wishami, hanyuma ugacibwa nintoki.
3) Ikibazo ko inguni iri hagati yumuyoboro munini nuyoboro wishami ari nto cyane kuburyo idashobora gusudwa byasobanuwe kumugereka E wa EN1090-2.Kugirango uhuze umurongo wo gusudira, ugabanijwemo ibice 3: urutoki, akarere kinzibacyuho, umuzi.Amano ninzibacyuho birahumanye mugihe cyo gusudira nabi, gusa umuzi ufite iyi miterere.Iyo intera iri hagati y'umuyoboro munini n'umuyoboro w'ishami uri munsi ya 60 °, gusudira umuzi birashobora kuba gusudira.
Nyamara, agace kagabanijwe ka A, B, C, na D mubishushanyo ntabwo byerekanwe neza mubisanzwe.Birasabwa kubisobanura ukurikije ishusho ikurikira:
Uburyo busanzwe bwo guca no kugereranya inzira
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukata burimo cyane cyane gukata flame, gukata plasma, gukata lazeri no gukata amazi yumuvuduko mwinshi, nibindi. Buri buryo bwo gutunganya bufite ibyiza byabwo nibibi.Mugihe cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, uburyo bukwiye bwo gutema bugomba gutoranywa ukurikije ibihe byihariye.
1. Gukata ibirimi: Nyuma yo gushyushya igice cyo gukata igice cyakazi kugirango ubushyuhe bwaka hamwe nimbaraga zubushyuhe bwumuriro wa gaze, hashyirwaho umuvuduko mwinshi wa ogisijeni wihuta kugirango utwike kandi urekure ubushyuhe bwo gukata.
a) Ibyiza: Gukata umubyimba ni munini, igiciro ni gito, kandi imikorere ifite ibyiza bigaragara nyuma yubunini burenze 50mm.Umusozi wigice ni muto (<1 °), kandi ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ni gito.
b) Ibibi: gukora neza (umuvuduko 80 ~ 1000mm / min mubugari bwa 100mm), gusa bikoreshwa mugukata ibyuma bya karubone nkeya, ntibishobora guca ibyuma bya karubone ndende, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibyuma, nibindi, ahantu hanini h’ubushyuhe, ihinduka rikomeye ryubushyuhe amasahani, ibikorwa bigoye.
2. Gukata plasma: uburyo bwo guca ukoresheje gusohora gaze kugirango ube ingufu zumuriro wa plasma arc.Iyo arc nibikoresho byaka, ubushyuhe burabyara kugirango ibikoresho bikomeze gutwikwa binyuze muri ogisijeni ikata hanyuma bigasohorwa na ogisijeni ikata kugirango bibe byaciwe.
a) Ibyiza: Gukata neza muri 6 ~ 20mm nimwe murwego rwo hejuru (umuvuduko ni 1400 ~ 4000mm / min), kandi irashobora guca ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, aluminium, nibindi.
b) Ibibi: gutemagura ni binini, agace katewe nubushyuhe ni nini (hafi 0,25mm), guhindura imikorere yakazi biragaragara, gukata byerekana impinduka zikomeye, kandi umwanda ni munini.
3. Gukata lazeri: uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu za lazeri zifite ingufu nyinshi kugirango ubushyuhe bwaho bugabanuke igice gishyushye cyibikoresho kugirango ugere ku gutema.
a) Ibyiza: ubugari bucye bwo kugabanya, uburebure buringaniye (kugeza 0.01mm), gukata neza hejuru yubutaka, kwihuta gukata vuba (bikwiriye gukata impapuro zoroshye), hamwe na zone ntoya yibasiwe nubushyuhe.
b) Ibibi: igiciro cyibikoresho byinshi, bikwiriye gukata amasahani yoroheje, ariko imikorere yo gukata amasahani manini biragaragara ko yagabanutse.
4. Gukata amazi yumuvuduko ukabije: uburyo bukoreshwa bukoresha umuvuduko wamazi mwinshi kugirango ugere.
a) Ibyiza: ibisobanuro bihanitse, birashobora guca ibintu byose, nta karere katewe nubushyuhe, nta mwotsi.
b) Ibibi: igiciro kinini, gukora neza (umuvuduko 150 ~ 300mm / min muburebure bwa 100mm), gusa bikwiriye gukata indege, ntibikwiriye gukata ibice bitatu.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwa diameter yumubyeyi wa bolt kandi nubunini bwiza bwa gasketi nubunini busabwa ni ubuhe?
Imbonerahamwe 14-2 mu gitabo cya 13 cyigitabo cya AISC cyubaka ibyuma byerekana ubunini ntarengwa bwa buri mwobo wa bolt mubikoresho byababyeyi.Twabibutsa ko ingano yu mwobo iri ku mbonerahamwe ya 14-2 yemerera gutandukana kwa bolts mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, kandi guhinduranya ibyuma fatizo bigomba kuba bisobanutse neza cyangwa inkingi igomba gushyirwaho neza kumurongo wo hagati.Ni ngombwa kumenya ko gukata flame mubisanzwe bisabwa kugirango ukemure ingano yubunini.Isuku yujuje ibyangombwa irakenewe kuri buri bolt.Kubera ko ingano yu mwobo isobanuwe nkigiciro ntarengwa cyubunini bwazo, ingano ntoya irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutondekanya neza.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya AISC 10, Icyuma Cyizamuka Cyuma Cyuma Gishyiraho Inkingi Igice, gishingiye ku bunararibonye bwashize, gishyiraho indangagaciro zikurikira zerekana ubugari bwa gaze nubunini: uburebure bwa gasike bugomba kuba 1/3 cya diameter ya bolt, na byibuze diameter ya gaze (cyangwa uburebure bwumuzingi n'uburebure) igomba kuba 25.4mm (1 muri.) nini kuruta diameter.Iyo bolt yohereje impagarara, ingano yo gukaraba igomba kuba nini bihagije kugirango yohereze impagarara mubyuma fatizo.Muri rusange, ingano ya gaze ikwiye irashobora kugenwa ukurikije ubunini bw'icyuma.
Bolt irashobora gusudira neza mubyuma fatizo?
Niba ibikoresho bya bolt bisudwa, birashobora gusudira mubyuma fatizo.Intego nyamukuru yo gukoresha inanga ni ugutanga ingingo ihamye yinkingi kugirango urebe neza ko ihagaze mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho.Mubyongeyeho, bolts ikoreshwa muguhuza ibyubatswe byuzuye muburyo bwo kurwanya imbaraga zishyigikira.Kuzunguza Bolt ku cyuma fatizo ntabwo bigera kuri imwe mu ntego zavuzwe haruguru, ariko bifasha gutanga imbaraga zo guhangana.
Kubera ko ubunini bw'icyuma fatizo ari bunini cyane, inkoni ya ankeri ntikunze gushyirwa hagati mu mwobo w'icyuma.Muri iki kibazo, isafuriya yuzuye isahani (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo) irakenewe.Kuzunguza Bolt kuri gasketi birimo kugaragara kwa weld yuzuye, nkuburebure bwa weld bingana na perimetero ya bolt [π (3.14) inshuro diametero ya bolt], muribwo umusaruro utanga ubukana buke ugereranije.Ariko biremewe gusudira igice cyomutwe cya bolt.Niba hari izindi nkunga zibaye, ibisobanuro byinkingi shingiro birashobora guhinduka, urebye "isahani yasudutse" iri mumashusho hepfo.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwa diameter yumubyeyi wa bolt kandi nubunini bwiza bwa gasketi nubunini busabwa ni ubuhe?
Akamaro ko gusudira ubuziranenge
Mu gukora ibyuma byubaka, inzira yo gusudira, nkigice cyingenzi cyo kwemeza ubwiza bwumushinga wose, yitabiriwe cyane.Nyamara, tack welding, nkumuhuza wambere wibikorwa byo gusudira, akenshi birengagizwa namasosiyete menshi.Impamvu nyamukuru ni:
1) Gushyira umwanya wo gusudira bikorwa ahanini nabateranye.Bitewe namahugurwa yubuhanga no kugabura inzira, abantu benshi batekereza ko atari inzira yo gusudira.
)
Close hafi cyane yimpera (ikosa)
Ese gusudira tack ni ngombwa?Ni kangahe bigira ingaruka kumasuderi yemewe?Mu musaruro, mbere ya byose, birakenewe gusobanura uruhare rwumwanya wo gusudira: 1) Gushyira hagati yicyapa 2) Irashobora kwihanganira uburemere bwibigize mugihe cyo gutwara.
Ibipimo bitandukanye bisaba gusudira tack:
Duteranije ibisabwa kuri buri gipimo cyo gusudira tack, turashobora kubona ko ibikoresho byo gusudira hamwe nudusudira twa tack welding bisa nkibisanzwe bisanzwe, bihagije kugirango tubone akamaro.
Nibura 20mm uhereye kumpera (ikosora)
Uburebure nubunini bwo gusudira tack birashobora kugenwa ukurikije ubunini bwigice hamwe nuburyo bwibigize, keretse niba hari ibibujijwe bikabije mubisanzwe, ariko uburebure nubunini bwubudodo bwo gusudira bigomba kuba biciriritse.Niba ari binini cyane, bizongera ingorane zo gusudira kandi bigoye kwemeza ubuziranenge.Kubisudira byuzuye, ingano nini cyane ya tack weld izagira ingaruka ku buryo bugaragara ku isura yanyuma, kandi biroroshye kugaragara.Niba ari nto cyane, biroroshye gutera tack weld kumeneka mugihe cyo kwimura cyangwa mugihe uruhande rwinyuma rwa tack weld rwasuditswe.Muri iki kibazo, weld weld igomba kuvaho burundu.
Gukemura ikibazo cyo gusudira (ikosa)
Ku gusudira kwanyuma bisaba UT cyangwa RT, inenge zo gusudira tack zirashobora kuboneka, ariko kubisudira byuzuye cyangwa gusudira igice, gusudira bidakeneye kugenzurwa kubera inenge zimbere, inenge zo gusudira ni "" "Igihe cya bombe ”, Bishobora guturika igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, bigatera ibibazo nko gutobora gusudira.
Niyihe ntego yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa post weld?
Hariho intego eshatu zo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira: gukuraho hydrogène, gukuraho imihangayiko yo gusudira, kunoza imiterere yo gusudira no gukora muri rusange.Kuvura nyuma ya weldrogenation bivura bivuga ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwubushyuhe bwakozwe nyuma yo gusudira birangiye kandi gusudira ntibyakonje kugeza munsi ya 100 ° C.Ibisobanuro rusange ni ugushyushya 200 ~ 350 ℃ ukabika amasaha 2-6.Igikorwa nyamukuru cyo kuvura hydrogène nyuma yo gusudira ni ukwihutisha ihunga rya hydrogène mu karere k’ubushuhe n’ubushyuhe, ibyo bikaba bifite akamaro kanini mu gukumira ibice byo gusudira mu gihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bito bito.
Mugihe cyo gusudira, kubera kudahuza ubushyuhe no gukonjesha, hamwe no gukumira cyangwa gukumira hanze yikintu ubwacyo, guhangayikishwa no gusudira bizahora bibyara mubice nyuma yumurimo wo gusudira urangiye.Kubaho kwingutu yo gusudira mubice bizagabanya ubushobozi nyabwo bwo kwifata bwahantu hasuditswe, bitera ihinduka rya plastike, ndetse biganisha no kwangirika kwikintu mubihe bikomeye.
Guhangayikishwa no kugabanya ubushyuhe ni ukugabanya imbaraga zumusaruro wakazi wasuditswe ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kugabanya imihangayiko yo gusudira.Hariho uburyo bubiri bukunze gukoreshwa: bumwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ni ukuvuga ko gusudira byose bishyirwa mu ziko rishyushya, bigashyuha buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe runaka, hanyuma bikabikwa mugihe runaka, amaherezo bikonjeshwa mukirere cyangwa mu itanura.Muri ubu buryo, 80% -90% byingutu yo gusudira birashobora kuvaho.Ubundi buryo ni ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwaho, ni ukuvuga gusa gushyushya gusudira hamwe n’akarere kawukikije, hanyuma ugakonja buhoro, kugabanya agaciro k’impagarara zo gusudira, bigatuma igabanywa ry’imihindagurikire risa neza, kandi rikuraho igice cyo guhagarika gusudira.
Nyuma yo gusudira ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bivanze, ingingo zabo zisudira zizaba zifite imiterere ikomeye, izangiza imiterere yubukorikori bwibikoresho.Byongeye kandi, iyi miterere ikomereye irashobora gutuma habaho gusenya ingingo mugikorwa cyo gusudira hamwe na hydrogen.Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, imiterere ya metallografiya yingingo iratera imbere, plastike nubukomezi bwurugingo rwasuditswe biratera imbere, kandi nuburyo bwimikorere yubukanishi bwibihuru byatejwe imbere.
Ese kwangirika kwa arc hamwe nudusimba twigihe gito byashongeshejwe mubudozi buhoraho bigomba kuvaho?
Mubyubatswe byuzuye, arcing ibyangiritse ntibigomba kuvaho keretse ibyangombwa byamasezerano bisaba ko bivanwaho.Nyamara, muburyo bwimikorere, arcing irashobora gutera guhangayikishwa cyane, bizasenya igihe kirekire cyimiterere yingirakamaro, bityo ubuso bwimiterere bugomba kuba hasi kandi ibice hejuru yububiko bigomba kugenzurwa muburyo bugaragara.Kubindi bisobanuro birambuye kuri iki kiganiro, nyamuneka reba Igice 5.29 cya AWS D1.1: 2015.
Mu bihe byinshi, ingingo zigihe gito kuri tack weld zirashobora kwinjizwa mumasoko ahoraho.Mubisanzwe, muburyo bwububiko bwuzuye, biremewe kugumana izo weld zidashobora kwinjizwamo keretse inyandiko zamasezerano zibasaba gukuraho.Mubikorwa byuzuyemo imbaraga, gusudira byigihe gito bigomba kuvaho.Kubindi bisobanuro birambuye kuri iki kiganiro, nyamuneka reba Igice 5.18 cya AWS D1.1: 2015.
[1] Imiterere yuzuye yubatswe irangwa no gutinda cyane no kugenda, bikunze kugaragara mumazu
[2] Imiterere yuzuye yuzuye bivuga inzira yo gusaba no / cyangwa kugenda kumuvuduko runaka, idashobora gufatwa nkibihagaze kandi bisaba ko harebwa umunaniro wibyuma, bikunze kugaragara mubiraro hamwe na gari ya moshi.
Icyitonderwa cyo gusudira gusudira
Igihe cy'itumba gikonje kiraje, kandi gitanga n'ibisabwa hejuru yo gusudira ubushyuhe.Ubushyuhe bwa preheat busanzwe bupimwa mbere yo kugurisha, kandi kugumana ubushyuhe buke mugihe cyo kugurisha akenshi birengagizwa.Mu gihe c'itumba, umuvuduko wo gukonjesha weld wihuta.Niba igenzura ryubushyuhe buke murwego rwo gusudira rwirengagijwe, bizazana ingaruka zikomeye zihishe kumiterere yo gusudira.
Ibicurane bikonje nibyo byinshi kandi biteje akaga mu nenge zo gusudira mu gihe cy'itumba.Impamvu eshatu zingenzi zitera imvune zikonje ni: ibikoresho bikomeye (ibyuma fatizo), hydrogène, hamwe nurwego rwo kwirinda.Ku byuma bisanzwe byubatswe, impamvu yo gukomera kwibikoresho nuko igipimo cyo gukonja cyihuta cyane, bityo kongera ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha no gukomeza ubu bushyuhe bishobora gukemura iki kibazo neza.
Muri rusange kubaka imbeho, ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha ni 20 ℃ -50 ℃ hejuru yubushyuhe busanzwe.Byakagombye kwitabwaho cyane kubushuhe bwo gusudira kumwanya wa plaque yibyibushye birenze gato ibyo gusudira bisanzwe.Kubisudira bya electroslag, gusudira arc gusudira hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kwinjiza ubushyuhe Uburyo bwo kugurisha burashobora kuba nkubushyuhe busanzwe bwo gushyushya.Kubice birebire (muri rusange birenze 10m), ntibisabwa kwimura ibikoresho byo gushyushya (gushyushya umuyoboro cyangwa urupapuro rushyushya amashanyarazi) mugihe cyo gusudira kugirango wirinde ikibazo cy "impera imwe irashyushye indi mpera ikonje".Kubijyanye nibikorwa byo hanze, nyuma yo gusudira birangiye, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kubungabunga ubushyuhe no gukonjesha buhoro.
Gusudira preheat tubes (kubanyamuryango barebare)
Birasabwa gukoresha ibikoresho bya hydrogène yo gusudira ikoreshwa mu gihe cy'itumba.Ukurikije AWS, EN hamwe n’ibindi bipimo, ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya ibintu bikoresha hydrogène nkeya yo gusudira birashobora kuba munsi ugereranije n’ibikoreshwa muri rusange.Witondere gushiraho uburyo bwo gusudira.Urutonde rukwiye rwo gusudira rushobora kugabanya cyane kubuza gusudira.Muri icyo gihe, nkumu injeniyeri wo gusudira, ninshingano ninshingano gusubiramo ingingo zo gusudira mubishushanyo bishobora gutera kwifata gukomeye, no guhuza nuwashizeho guhindura imiterere ihuriweho.
Nyuma yo kugurisha, ni ryari udupapuro two kugurisha hamwe namasahani ya pinout?
Kugirango hamenyekane uburinganire bwa geometrike yubudodo bwasuditswe, nyuma yo gusudira, gusohora isahani yo hanze kuruhande rwibice bishobora gukenera gucibwa.Imikorere ya plaque-out-plaque ni ukwemeza ubunini busanzwe bwa weld kuva itangiriro kugeza iherezo ryibikorwa byo gusudira;ariko inzira yavuzwe haruguru igomba gukurikizwa.Nkuko bigaragara mu gika cya 5.10 na 5.30 cya AWS D1.1 2015. Iyo bibaye ngombwa kuvanaho ibikoresho bifasha gusudira nkibikoresho byo gusudira cyangwa isahani yo gusohora, kuvura ubuso bwo gusudira bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa bijyanye kwitegura mbere yo gusudira.
Umutingito wo mu majyaruguru ya Ridge 1994 wateje isenywa ry’imigozi ya “beam-inkingi-igice-icyuma” isudira, ikurura abantu n'ibiganiro ku bijyanye no gusudira hamwe n’ibiza, kandi hashingiwe ku buryo hashyizweho uburyo bushya.Ibiteganijwe ku mutingito mu mwaka wa 2010 w’ibipimo ngenderwaho bya AISC hamwe n’inyongera No 1 bikubiyemo ibisabwa bisobanutse muri urwo rwego, ni ukuvuga ko igihe cyose umushinga w’ubwubatsi bw’imitingito ubigizemo uruhare, amakariso yo gusudira hamwe n’ibyapa bisohoka bigomba gukurwaho nyuma yo gusudira .Hano haribidasanzwe, ariko, aho imikorere yagumishijwe nibice byageragejwe iracyerekana ko yemerwa mugukoresha ibitari ibyavuzwe haruguru.
Kunoza ubuziranenge bwo gukata - Ibitekerezo muri Porogaramu no kugenzura inzira
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda, ni ngombwa cyane kuzamura ubwiza bwibice.Hariho ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku gukata, harimo gukata ibipimo, ubwoko nubwiza bwa gaze ikoreshwa, ubushobozi bwa tekiniki bwumukoresha wamahugurwa, hamwe no gusobanukirwa ibikoresho byimashini zikata.
(1) Gukoresha neza AutoCAD gushushanya ibishushanyo mbonera ni ikintu cyingenzi gisabwa kugirango ubuziranenge bwo gutema ibice;Abakozi bashinzwe kwandika ibyari bakusanya gahunda yo gukata ibice bya CNC bikurikije neza ibishushanyo mbonera, kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zifatika mugihe utegura uduce tumwe na tumwe duto duto: Indishyi zoroheje, inzira idasanzwe (gufatanya, guca guhoraho), nibindi, nibindi, nibindi, kwemeza ko ingano yibice nyuma yo gukata inyura ubugenzuzi.
. , shiraho umwanya uhoraho utagabanya (5mm) kuruhande rumwe rwigice kugirango ucibwe.Izi ngingo zahujwe nicyuma mugihe cyo gutema, kandi ibice bifatwa kugirango birinde kwimuka no kugabanuka.Nyuma y'ibindi bice bimaze gucibwa, izi ngingo zaciwe kugirango harebwe niba ingano y'ibice byaciwe bitoroshye guhinduka.
Gushimangira inzira yo kugenzura ibice ni urufunguzo rwo kuzamura ubwiza bwibice.Nyuma yumubare munini wisesengura ryamakuru, ibintu bigira ingaruka kumiterere yo gukata nibi bikurikira: ukora, guhitamo gukata nozzles, guhindura intera iri hagati yo guca nozzle, hamwe no guhindura umuvuduko wo guca, hamwe na perpendicularité hagati yubuso bwubuso. isahani yicyuma no gukata nozzle.
. igice cyaciwe wenyine, niba kitujuje ibisabwa Gukosora no gusana mugihe;hanyuma ubishyikirize ubugenzuzi bufite ireme, hanyuma usinye itike yambere yujuje ibyangombwa nyuma yo gutsinda igenzura;icyo gihe gusa birashobora kubyara umusaruro mwinshi wo gukata ibice.
.Ninini yo gukata nozzle yerekana urugero, umubyimba wububiko bwa plaque isanzwe ucibwa;kandi intera iri hagati yo gukata nozzle hamwe nicyuma kizagira ingaruka niba ari kure cyane cyangwa yegeranye cyane: kure cyane bizatera ahantu hashyuha kuba hanini cyane, kandi byongere ihindagurika ryubushyuhe bwibice;Niba ari nto cyane, gukata nozzle bizahagarikwa, bivamo imyanda yo kwambara ibice;n'umuvuduko wo kugabanya nabyo bizagabanuka, kandi umusaruro uzagabanuka.
.Mubisanzwe, itinda hamwe no kwiyongera kwubugari.Niba umuvuduko wo gukata wihuta cyane cyangwa utinze cyane, bizagira ingaruka kumiterere yicyambu cyo guca igice;umuvuduko ukabije wo gukata bizatanga amajwi asanzwe asohoka mugihe icyapa gitemba, hamwe na slag outlet hamwe no gukata nozzle ahanini biri kumurongo;umuvuduko ukabije wo kugabanya Bizanatezimbere umusaruro wo kugabanya umusaruro, nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.
. ingano y'ibice byo hejuru no hepfo igice, kandi ntibishobora kwemezwa.Impanuka;umukoresha agomba kugenzura uburyo bwo gukata nozzle mugihe mbere yo gukata.Niba ihagaritswe, umwuka wo mu kirere uzaba uhindagurika, bigatuma nozzle yo gukata hamwe nubuso bwa plaque yo gukata bitaba perpendicular, kandi ubunini bwibice byo gutema bizaba ari bibi.Nkumukoresha, itara ryo gukata no gukata nozzle bigomba guhindurwa no guhindurwa mbere yo gukata kugirango harebwe niba itara ryo gutema no gukata nozzle bitandukanijwe hejuru yicyapa cya plaque yo gukata.
Imashini ikata CNC ni porogaramu ya digitale itwara urujya n'uruza rw'imashini.Iyo igikoresho cyimashini kigenda, ibikoresho byo gutema byateganijwe bigabanya ibice;uburyo rero bwo gutangiza gahunda yibice kuri plaque bigira uruhare rukomeye muburyo bwo gutunganya ibice byaciwe.
.Mugushiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho, icyerekezo cya kontour, aho utangirira imbere imbere ninyuma, hamwe nuyobora-imbere no kuyobora-imirongo byahinduwe.Kugirango ugere ku nzira ngufi idafite akazi, gabanya ihindagurika ryumuriro mugihe cyo gutema, kandi utezimbere ubwiza bwo guca.
. -igice gikomeza gukata, gukata ikiraro, nibindi, Binyuze muburyo bwiza, gukata neza nubuziranenge birashobora kunozwa neza.
(3) Guhitamo neza ibipimo byimikorere nabyo ni ngombwa cyane.Hitamo ibipimo bitandukanye byo gukata kububiko butandukanye bwibisahani: nko guhitamo umurongo-uyobora imirongo, guhitamo imirongo iganisha hanze, intera iri hagati yibice, intera iri hagati yimpande zisahani hamwe nubunini bwo gufungura byabitswe.Imbonerahamwe 2 ni Gukata ibipimo kuri buri mubyimba.
Uruhare runini rwo gusudira gaze ikingira
Urebye muburyo bwa tekiniki, gusa muguhindura gazi ikingira, ingaruka 5 zikurikira zirashobora gukorwa mubikorwa byo gusudira:
(1) Kunoza igipimo cyo gusudira insinga
Imvange ya gaz ikungahaye kuri Argon muri rusange itera umusaruro mwinshi kuruta dioxyde de carbone isanzwe.Ibirimo bya Argon bigomba kurenga 85% kugirango ugere ku nzibacyuho.Birumvikana ko kongera igipimo cyo gusudira insinga bisaba guhitamo ibipimo bikwiye byo gusudira.Ingaruka yo gusudira mubisanzwe ni ibisubizo byimikoranire yibintu byinshi.Guhitamo bidakwiriye ibipimo byo gusudira mubisanzwe bizagabanya imikorere yo gusudira kandi byongere imirimo yo gukuraho slag nyuma yo gusudira.
(2) Kugenzura spatter no kugabanya isuku ya slag nyuma yo gusudira
Ubushobozi buke bwa ionisation ya argon yongerera arc ituze hamwe no kugabanuka gukwiranye na spatter.Ikoranabuhanga rishya rya vuba mu gusudira amashanyarazi ryagenzuye spatter mu gusudira CO2, kandi mu bihe bimwe, niba hakoreshejwe imvange ya gaze, spatter irashobora kugabanuka kandi idirishya ryo gusudira rishobora kwagurwa.
(3) Kugenzura imiterere yo gusudira no kugabanya gusudira cyane
Amashanyarazi ya CO2 akunda gusohoka hanze, bikaviramo gukonja no kongera amafaranga yo gusudira.Imvange ya gaz ya argon iroroshye kugenzura imiterere yo gusudira kandi irinda imyanda yo gusudira.
(4) Ongera umuvuduko wo gusudira
Ukoresheje gaze ikungahaye kuri argon, spatter ikomeza kugenzurwa neza nubwo hiyongereyeho gusudira.Ibyiza ibi bizana ni ukongera umuvuduko wo gusudira, cyane cyane kubudodo bwikora, butezimbere cyane umusaruro.
(5) Kugenzura umwotsi wo gusudira
Munsi yimikorere imwe yo gusudira, imvange ikungahaye kuri argon igabanya cyane imyotsi yo gusudira ugereranije na karuboni ya dioxyde.Ugereranije no gushora mubikoresho byuma kugirango utezimbere ibikorwa byo gusudira, gukoresha imvange ya gaze ikungahaye kuri argon ninyungu yo kugabanya kwanduza isoko.
Kugeza ubu, mu nganda nyinshi, imvange ya gaze ya argon yakoreshejwe cyane, ariko kubera impamvu zubushyo, ibigo byinshi byo murugo bikoresha 80% Ar + 20% CO2.Mubisabwa byinshi, iyi gazi ikingira ntabwo ikora neza.Kubwibyo, guhitamo gaze nziza mubyukuri nuburyo bworoshye bwo kuzamura urwego rwo gucunga ibicuruzwa kubucuruzi bwo gusudira munzira igana imbere.Igipimo cyingenzi muguhitamo gaze nziza yo gukingira ni uguhuza ibyifuzo byo gusudira bikenewe kurwego runini.Byongeye kandi, gazi ikwiye ni yo ngingo yo kwemeza ubuziranenge bwo gusudira, nini cyane cyangwa ntoya cyane ntabwo bifasha gusudira
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-07-2022